Europe

This analysis provides a comprehensive overview of the European video game sector in 2023, detailing market health, player demographics, and regulatory priorities. The industry demonstrated resilience with annual revenues reaching €25.7 billion, representing a 5% year-on-year increase. Employment also saw significant growth, with the workforce expanding by nearly 7% to reach approximately 115,000 people across Europe.

The data reveals that video games are a mainstream cultural fixture, with 53% of the European population aged 6–64 identifying as players. Contrary to youth-centric stereotypes, the average player age is 31.4 years, and 75% of the gaming population are adults. Women represent 43.5% of the total player base, averaging 6.7 hours of play per week. While smartphones remain the most popular platform (68%), consoles (56%) and PCs (46%) maintain significant engagement. Despite the rise of digital media, average weekly playtime has remained stable for over a decade at approximately 8.9 hours.

A central thesis of the findings is the industry’s commitment to social responsibility and self-regulation. The Pan European Game Information (PEGI) system celebrated 20 years of operation, with 79% of parents aware of its ratings and 62% actively using parental tools to manage gameplay. Furthermore, the industry is increasingly focused on sustainability and diversity, noting that 44% of new hires in regions like Sweden are women and highlighting energy-saving agreements that have saved 54 TWh of electricity over the lifetime of major consoles.

The geographic scope covers the European Union and broader European markets, utilizing data from Ipsos, GameTrack, and Games Sales Data (GSD). Methodology includes online polling of 60,000 individuals across major markets, calibrated by nationally representative face-to-face surveys. Looking forward, the industry advocates for EU policy that recognizes video games as unique creative works, supports a robust talent pipeline through STEAM education, and maintains a fair regulatory framework that avoids distorting the single market.

The research investigates how parents supervise and manage their children’s in‑game purchases, tracking trends across five European markets—United Kingdom, France, Germany, Spain and Italy—over four survey waves (2018, 2019, 2020 and 2023). Each wave surveyed adult parents or guardians of children who play video games, with sample sizes ranging from 962 in 2018 to 2,808 in 2023, providing a broad cross‑section of the region’s gaming households.

Findings show that three‑quarters of parents consistently report that their children do not spend on in‑game extras, a proportion that has remained stable since 2020. Among the minority who do spend, the average monthly outlay rose from €33 in 2020 to €39 in 2023, reflecting a €6 increase that aligns with inflation. Most spending (64 %) falls within the €1‑20 range, with the most popular items being gameplay‑impacting content (34 %) and decorative or cosmetic items (just under one third). Loot boxes and other unknown‑reward items remain relatively unpopular.

Parental oversight is high: nine‑in‑ten parents of spending children have some form of agreement, half of which are explicit—either seeking permission (38 %) or setting limits (23 %). Preferred monitoring tools include credit‑card bill checks, parental‑control settings, and two‑factor authentication, though 44 % of parents who avoid controls deem them unnecessary and 32 % find them difficult to activate. Awareness of in‑game currency and loot boxes among all players (ages 11‑64) is also limited, with only 9 % having purchased in‑game currency and 4 % having bought loot boxes. The study’s methodology relies on standardized questionnaires administered to representative adult panels in each country, ensuring comparability within each survey year while noting that cross‑year comparisons are constrained by methodological changes.

The 2023 analysis of Romania’s video‑game sector presents a comprehensive overview of its economic evolution, workforce expansion, and market concentration over the past decade. It establishes that the industry’s turnover has risen sharply, reaching approximately €6.6 billion in 2023, while the number of active studios grew to 350 and employment climbed to roughly 6 600 people. Online player participation also expanded, with an estimated 7.8 million gamers engaging with Romanian titles or services.

Growth trends are detailed year by year from 2014 to 2023, highlighting an overall upward trajectory in revenue and studio count, yet noting a first‑time contraction in 2022 of about 6.6 percent, attributed to a broadly unfavorable global climate and heightened exposure to the service‑sector dynamics that affect the industry more acutely than other creative fields. Geographic distribution shows a pronounced clustering in key urban hubs: Cluj hosts the largest concentration with 36 studios, followed by Iași, which accounts for 17.5 percent of the total, and other significant presences in Bucharest, Timișoara, and Brașov.

The report identifies the top thirty studios, which together generate roughly 5 percent of total industry revenue, and lists leading companies such as Electronic Arts Romania, Ubisoft, Amber Studio Brașov, and Playtika, among others. Their individual growth rates vary, with some recording double‑digit percentage increases, underscoring a heterogeneous performance landscape within the sector. The analysis concludes that despite recent headwinds, the Romanian video‑game ecosystem remains a vital and expanding creative economy, but it calls for reinforced educational initiatives, stronger promotion, and strategic support to sustain momentum and mitigate external risks.

The study evaluates how digital games shape everyday life in Denmark, measuring participation rates, motivations, and social outcomes among a representative sample of gamers. By linking behavioural data with self‑reported wellbeing, it argues that games have become a mainstream cultural activity that delivers measurable, though modest, emotional benefits while also fostering relational ties when played socially.

Among 1,172 respondents, 79 % reported playing a digital game within the past year, with weekly engagement ranging from 62 % of those aged 55‑79 to 74 % of 16‑24‑year‑olds. This high penetration underscores games as a routine leisure pursuit across age groups. Players rate gaming as an “active, rewarding break,” assigning an average relaxation score of 3.9 on a five‑point scale and an immersion rating of roughly 3.6, indicating that the activity is perceived as both soothing and engaging.

The majority of gaming occurs in solitary settings—91 % of participants play at home—and puzzle titles dominate preferences, attracting 65 % of respondents and achieving the highest relaxation scores. Nevertheless, social play, whether with friends, online strangers (12 % of gamers) or one’s own children (11 % of gamers), markedly elevates relational and community metrics; relational scores rise from an overall average of 2.1 to 2.9 for those who game with children, and empathy levels increase especially among action‑ and adventure‑game players. These findings suggest that shared gaming experiences amplify social connection, empathy, and cross‑generational bonding.

Overall, digital games in Denmark generate modest emotional gains while serving as a versatile tool for personal relaxation and, when played together, for strengthening social ties. The results highlight the dual role of games as both an individual stress‑relief mechanism and a catalyst for community cohesion within the Danish cultural context.

The 2023 white paper on Catalonia’s video‑game industry presents a detailed assessment of the sector’s economic performance and labour dynamics for the year 2022. It establishes that the regional market generated €709 million in revenue, reflecting a 7.5 percent decline compared with the previous year, while employment rose to 4 619 workers, an increase of 8.7 percent. This juxtaposition of falling turnover and rising headcount suggests a shift toward more labour‑intensive activities, such as development and ancillary services, even as overall sales pressures persist.

The analysis situates the sector within Catalonia’s broader creative economy, emphasizing its continued relevance as a source of high‑skill jobs and its capacity to attract talent despite modest revenue contraction. The data underline the resilience of the local ecosystem, which appears to be sustaining employment growth through diversification and possibly increased public or private investment in development capacities.

Overall, the findings portray a video‑game industry that, while facing short‑term market headwinds, maintains a solid employment base and remains a pivotal component of Catalonia’s digital and cultural output. The report implies that strategic support and continued innovation could reverse the revenue dip and further strengthen the region’s position in the European gaming landscape.

The central thesis is that video‑game accessibility must be embedded from the earliest design stages, using a standardized, non‑subjective evaluation framework, to achieve universal inclusion while avoiding the steep costs of retro‑fitting. Drawing on the European EN 301 549 ICT‑accessibility standard and the Ga11y portal launched in July 2022, the analysis provides a comprehensive catalogue of functional measures that map directly to specific disability profiles.

The market context is global, with more than three billion gamers worldwide, roughly 400 million of whom have a disability, and an estimated 18 million regular players in Spain. Despite growing awareness since 2014 and heightened industry focus from 2018, major publishers often omit disclosure of the accessibility features they implement. The work outlines 28 “star‑rated” guidelines, ranging from simple one‑star options such as clear iconography, customizable audio mixes, and control‑swap mechanisms, to complex five‑star solutions like sign‑language interpretation and AI‑driven navigation assistance. Each measure is linked to visual, auditory, motor, speech or cognitive impairments, and the guidance stresses that low‑complexity features can be integrated early with minimal technical effort, delivering broad, cost‑effective support.

A parallel emphasis is placed on the expanding hardware ecosystem. Commercial adaptive controllers—from the modular Sony Access Controller to eye‑tracking solutions like Tobii Eye Tracker 5—are complemented by low‑cost 3‑D‑printed accessories that enable bespoke adaptations. Collaboration between industry bodies such as AEVI and the Fundación ONCE underpins the push for mandatory, inclusive design practices across the European development landscape, positioning accessibility as a strategic imperative rather than an optional add‑on.

The core thesis emphasizes that video‑game accessibility must be embedded from the earliest design stages, rather than added later, because retro‑fitting dramatically inflates development time and cost. Drawing on the European EN 301 549 standard and the Ga11y catalogue, the work presents a systematic methodology for evaluating both closed platforms (consoles) and open platforms (PC and mobile) and supplies developers with a practical reference for implementing auditory, visual, motor and cognitive options.

Globally, roughly three billion people play video games, of whom about four hundred million experience some form of disability. Within the Spanish ecosystem, industry bodies such as AEVI and Fundación ONCE have positioned universal accessibility as a strategic priority, encouraging adoption of the outlined standards across the period 2018‑2023, when systematic measures began to emerge after an initial appearance in 2014.

A tiered catalogue of more than thirty accessibility measures is detailed, ranging from basic 1‑star options—identifiable icons, joystick swapping, sound‑mix controls and puzzle‑skip functions—to advanced 5‑star features such as sign‑language interpretation, voice‑to‑text and text‑to‑voice for multiplayer. Each measure is mapped to specific disability profiles (partial or total vision loss, colour‑vision deficiency, hearing loss, motor impairments and cognitive challenges) and is recommended for early integration with configurable settings. A self‑assessment matrix forces developers to verify compliance for every mandatory feature, underscoring that true inclusivity also depends on compatible adaptive peripherals.

The analysis of hardware solutions lists the principal adaptive controllers and accessories available for major consoles, including the Xbox Adaptive Controller, Hori Flex, PlayStation Access Controller, QuadStick, Tobii Eye Tracker 5, the Ford Adapta racing simulator and the OWO haptic jacket, together with their price ranges. It concludes that while commercial peripherals are expanding, gaps remain, making coordinated software‑hardware strategies essential for delivering fully inclusive gameplay across the global market.

I Videogiochi in Italia nel 2023 – Sintesi

1. Dimensione del mercato

Fatturato: € 2,3 miliardi, con una crescita del 5 % rispetto al 2022 e del 28 % rispetto al 2019. Posizione europea: l’Italia si colloca tra i cinque maggiori mercati videoludici d’Europa. Pubblico: 13 milioni di persone tra i 6 e i 64 anni (circa il 31 % della popolazione), con un’età media di 30 anni.

Questi dati confermano che il settore è in forte espansione, sia in termini di valore economico sia di penetrazione culturale.

2. Il ruolo dell’IIDEA

L’Istituto per l’Innovazione Digitale e l’Economia dell’Arte (IIDEA) è il punto di riferimento istituzionale per lo sviluppo dell’industria videoludica italiana. Le sue attività principali sono:

| Area di intervento | Azioni chiave | |--------------------|----------------| | Sviluppo business & internazionalizzazione | - Programmi di accelerazione con partner nazionali e internazionali<br>- Campagna di branding “Games in Italy” per promuovere i titoli Made‑in‑Italy | | Educazione e gioco responsabile | - Portale “Tutto sui videogiochi” per genitori e insegnanti<br>- Informazione su rating PEGI e strumenti di parental‑control | | Eventi e riconoscimenti | - First Playable (fiera di riferimento)<br>- Italian Video Game Awards (dal 2013)<br>- Italian Esports Awards (dal 2020) | | Visibilità globale | - Missioni commerciali e matchmaking con investitori/partner esteri<br>- Supporto alla partecipazione a fiere internazionali (e.g., Gamescom, GDC) |

Obiettivi strategici dell’IIDEA

1. Elevare la visibilità internazionale dei prodotti italiani, facilitando partnership e accordi di distribuzione all’estero. 2. Collegare i developer locali con reti di finanziamento, expertise tecnica e canali di marketing globali. 3. Valorizzare il contributo culturale ed economico del settore, posizionandolo come driver di innovazione e creatività nel panorama digitale italiano.

Conclusioni

Il 2023 segna un anno di consolidamento per il mercato videoludico italiano: un fatturato in crescita, una base di utenti ampia e giovane, e un ecosistema supportato da un ente pubblico (IIDEA) che combina sviluppo commerciale, promozione internazionale e educazione responsabile. Queste dinamiche creano le condizioni per un futuro ancora più competitivo, con il potenziale di trasformare l’Italia in un hub di riferimento per la creatività digitale a livello europeo e mondiale.

The global mobile gaming landscape underwent a significant structural transition in 2022, characterized by a 14% decline in total player spending from its 2021 peak alongside a stabilization of download volumes at approximately 13.8 billion per quarter. While major markets such as the United States, Japan, and South Korea experienced revenue contractions, China emerged as the second-largest market globally, and India solidified its position as the leader in download volume, accounting for 17% of total installs. This period marked a definitive shift away from the hypercasual genre, which saw an 18% decline in downloads due to rising user acquisition costs and broader economic pressures.

In response to these market pressures, the industry is pivoting toward a hybridcasual model that blends accessible core mechanics with sophisticated mid-core monetization and meta-progression features. This emerging segment grew by 13% and generated $1.4 billion in revenue, driven by significantly higher player engagement than traditional casual titles. Success in the current environment is increasingly dictated by the effective use of Live Ops, which now accounts for 97% of revenue among top-grossing games. Features such as character collection and social clan systems have become essential for maintaining high engagement levels and driving long-term player retention.

While established genres like RPGs and shooters faced revenue declines, the action genre grew by 9%, and subscription-based models gained momentum, exemplified by the expansion of ad-free gaming catalogs. Conversely, the crypto and NFT gaming sector experienced a sharp downturn, with downloads falling from 46 million to 29 million and revenue dropping by 35%. Despite the overall contraction in spending, the market remains larger than pre-pandemic levels, with legacy titles like Honor of Kings and Subway Surfers maintaining dominance in revenue and download rankings, respectively, across a diversifying global audience.

The European social application market in 2022 was characterized by a significant shift from rapid user acquisition toward aggressive monetization and the rise of niche, authenticity-driven platforms. While overall download volumes stabilized following the 2020 pandemic peak, consumer spending reached a record $830 million in the first ten months of 2022, representing an 86% year-over-year increase. This financial surge was primarily driven by TikTok, which maintained its position as the region's most downloaded app while diversifying its revenue streams through gaming, music, and high-value in-app purchases. Despite this dominance, TikTok’s revenue growth began to decelerate by the third quarter of 2022, signaling a maturing market.

Competitive dynamics within the messaging and social networking subsectors revealed a diversifying landscape. Telegram emerged as a formidable challenger to WhatsApp, nearly closing the download gap and capturing significant market share in Russia. Simultaneously, BeReal disrupted the market by targeting Gen Z with dual-camera, privacy-focused content, forcing established giants like Instagram and TikTok to develop similar features to retain younger demographics. These shifts occurred against a backdrop of lower barriers to entry for new apps, as the download threshold required to reach the top of the App Store rankings declined by 30% compared to 2019.

Despite the emergence of new competitors and shifting consumer preferences, legacy platforms maintained a strong foothold across the continent. Meta-owned applications, particularly Facebook, continued to lead in monthly active users across most European markets, with sustained dominance in Central and Eastern Europe. The industry's evolution reflects a broader transition where established leaders leverage massive existing user bases to pivot toward new monetization strategies, while newcomers focus on hyper-specific engagement models to challenge the status quo in an increasingly fragmented digital ecosystem.

By European Game Developers Federation (EGDF) Supported by Video Games Europe European Video Games Industry Data 5 Number of game developer studios 7 Number of service providers 8 Number of people working in the video games industry 9 Percentage of women working in the industry ...

TEXT AND ANALYSIS DESIGN All rights reserved NEO Observatory COVER IMAGE This publication is made possible with Walter Manshanden Horizon Forbidden West the support of Province of Utrecht, by Guerrilla Games Gemeente Utrecht, HKU: University of PROOFREADING AND the Arts Utrecht, Breda University of GENERAL SUPPORT SPECIAL THANKS TO Applied Sciences (BUAS), Hanze Marilla Valente ...