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The leadership team of Bain & Company's Global Gaming Sector practice prepared this report, with special direction from Anders Christofferson, partner and Global Gaming Sector lead, and Brandon Rogers, Media practice manager. The authors would like to thank Danielle Schwenker, Aman Sharma, Gunjan Dawar, Shray Arora, Rohan Doomra, Shagun Jain, and Christoffer Karlsmose for their contributions to this work.

The We-Time Economy serves as the central strategic framework for future growth, predicated on the belief that artificial intelligence will increase leisure time and heighten the value of shared, trust-based human experiences. By facilitating social interaction through digital platforms and services, the organization aims to capture a significant portion of a global market estimated at US$10–15 trillion. The core thesis posits that shared emotional experiences—ranging from social betting and sports entertainment to family-oriented digital products—create high-retention, high-profitability ecosystems that rely on word-of-mouth growth and community engagement.

Financial targets for the medium term include doubling net sales to 300 billion yen, with a specific focus on scaling the sports and lifestyle segments. To achieve these objectives, the company is implementing a rigorous business portfolio management strategy. This involves classifying business units based on growth potential and profitability relative to a 6.18% weighted average cost of capital. Resources are dynamically allocated to high-growth areas, while underperforming units are subject to restructuring or divestment. Key growth drivers include the global expansion of social betting through PointsBet, the scaling of the FamilyAlbum economic sphere, and the continued monetization of domestic intellectual property like MONSTER STRIKE.

Operational efficiency and shareholder value are prioritized through a commitment to raising the EBITDA margin to 20% and the return on equity (ROE) to 15%. Governance reforms, including the appointment of independent directors to lead compensation committees and the alignment of executive incentives with long-term performance, support these financial goals. The company has also committed to a more robust shareholder return policy, targeting a 40% dividend payout ratio to reflect its transition into a sustained profit growth phase.

The gaming industry is currently undergoing a critical architectural transition as live-service titles face a trilemma of escalating operational demands: the need for sub-10ms AI-driven decision-making, strict regulatory compliance, and rising cloud egress costs. The primary thesis is that legacy, fragmented backend architectures—which rely on separate databases, caches, and search layers—are no longer capable of supporting modern, high-velocity live-ops. To remain competitive, studios must shift toward unified, AI-native data planes that co-locate compute and data to ensure deterministic performance.

Key findings indicate that optimizing real-time matchmaking through low-latency infrastructure can drive a 4% to 15% uplift in player retention. However, achieving this requires moving away from asynchronous batch processing toward millisecond-level inference. This shift is further necessitated by the 2027 EU Data Act, which mandates the removal of cloud switching fees, and the EU AI Act, which classifies algorithmic matchmaking and personalization as high-risk systems requiring transparency, explainability, and immutable audit logs. Currently, only 5% of studios successfully implement player-facing AI, largely due to the latency bottlenecks inherent in traditional, multi-hop network architectures.

The industry is responding by adopting hybrid deployment models that combine self-hosted infrastructure with cloud resources to stabilize operating margins against unpredictable egress fees. By collapsing fragmented stacks into a single, coherent execution layer, studios can eliminate redundant systems and network round-trips. This consolidation allows for atomic, event-driven transactions that satisfy both performance requirements and emerging regulatory mandates.

Spanning the 2026–2028 period, this analysis highlights a fundamental shift in infrastructure strategy. As decision-making complexity grows—with matchmaking engines now processing hundreds of thousands of micro-decisions per second—the ability to execute logic directly on the data plane has become a primary competitive advantage. Studios that fail to modernize their backends risk both top-line revenue losses from poor engagement and bottom-line margin erosion caused by inefficient, legacy cloud consumption.

The study demonstrates that generative AI is reshaping game development across the United States, South Korea, Norway, Finland, and Sweden. Surveying 615 developers in late June‑early July 2025, it finds that 97 % believe AI is transforming the industry and 90 % already use it in their work. Key impacts include streamlining repetitive tasks, accelerating play‑testing and localization, improving code generation, and enabling dynamic balancing. AI agents are emerging as a new trend; 44 % deploy them for content optimization, 38 % for dynamic gameplay tuning, and another 38 % for in‑game coaching. These agents leverage multimodal inputs to create responsive NPCs, adaptive difficulty, and personalized tutorials, thereby raising player expectations—89 % of respondents report that gamers now demand smarter, more adaptive experiences.

The survey highlights both opportunities and challenges. While 94 % anticipate long‑term cost reductions, 25 % struggle to measure ROI and 24 % cite limited training data. Intellectual‑property concerns dominate, with 63 % worried about data ownership and 32 % uncertain over licensing of AI‑generated content. Despite these risks, developers see AI as a catalyst for new business models and creative horizons, such as emergent gameplay and real‑time world changes. Best practices identified include starting small, aligning AI with creative vision, investing in talent, and establishing clear success metrics. Overall, the findings suggest a rapidly expanding role for generative AI that promises greater efficiency, democratization of development tools, and richer player experiences while underscoring the need for careful governance around IP and data privacy.

Generative AI is positioned as the latest platform shift that will reshape value capture across the global tech ecosystem, with investment surging even as its ultimate impact remains uncertain. Over the past decade, each new technology—mainframes, PCs, the web, smartphones—has displaced early leaders and created fresh revenue streams; generative AI is expected to follow that pattern, driving capital expenditures toward data‑centre expansion and new SaaS offerings.

Capital outlays are accelerating at a rate comparable to mature telecom spending, with 2025 capex for the four largest hyperscalers projected at roughly $350 bn, nearly double 2024 levels. U.S. construction data show data‑centre investment now eclipsing office build‑out, while power and permitting constraints become the primary bottlenecks. Silicon supply lags behind demand, as Nvidia and TSMC struggle to scale, signalling a looming chip‑capacity crunch that could throttle further growth.

The AI model market remains fragmented, with marginal performance differences among leading systems and a paying‑user base of only about 5 % despite roughly 800 million weekly active users. Value capture is shifting from network effects to capital access, with incumbents pursuing bundled and unbundled product strategies while a wave of startups seeks to disaggregate existing services.

Early successful use‑cases follow an “Absorb → Automate → Innovate/Disrupt” pattern, focusing on high‑volume tasks such as coding and marketing copy. Full production roll‑outs lag behind pilots, suggesting that future value will arise from unbundling entrenched services rather than merely automating the obvious.

Automation does not eliminate errors; human oversight remains essential, and the Jevons paradox indicates that productivity gains can increase total work. AI‑driven recommendation systems already lift conversion rates by 5–14 % while cutting content‑creation costs, yet the web’s traffic model is shifting as AI summaries replace traditional search results. The overall conclusion is that while generative AI expands creative output and efficiency, human judgment and new business models will be required to manage error, capture value, and adapt to evolving consumer behavior.

The study demonstrates that generative AI‑driven non‑player characters can deliver deeply engaging, emotionally resonant gameplay. In a 122‑hour experiment with 68 participants, the “Dead Meat” demo achieved high immersion scores—97 % UES reward and 94 % focused attention—while keeping mental demand low (NASA‑TLX scores of 64.7 for demand and 52.7 for performance). Qualitative interviews consistently cited the NPCs’ human‑like dialogue and narrative depth as key contributors to player enjoyment.

Quantitative data confirm widespread satisfaction: 96 % of players rated overall enjoyment as high, and 90 % praised the creative freedom afforded by the open‑ended design. Subscale analysis of the GUESS instrument revealed that 60 % achieved a top score for Creative Freedom, 65 % for Personal Gratification, and 80 % for Play Engrossment. Thematic coding identified freedom of expression, challenge‑driven motivation, and immersive conversation as primary drivers of satisfaction, indicating that the game successfully balances agency with sufficient guidance.

Player behavior analysis uncovered seven distinct strategic approaches—such as “Good Cop/Bad Cop” interrogation, “Rule Bender End Justifies the Means,” and “Smart Arse” manipulation—often combined within a single session. Participants responded equally to voiced and text‑based NPCs, and the 20‑minute session length encouraged replayability through role‑playing different characters. Although the brief duration limited long‑term insight, emergent strategies were viewed as a feature rather than a flaw. Future research will explore how authorial adjustments influence player responses across demographic groups, reinforcing the potential of AI NPCs to enrich narrative gameplay on a broad scale.

The document argues that artificial intelligence has become a strategic asset in mobile game development, transforming every phase of the lifecycle from ideation to live operations. It claims that AI enables teams to prototype, test, and launch content at a fraction of the time previously required, citing examples such as concept‑art generation in days instead of months and single‑person prototype teams that reduce sunk costs. The thesis emphasizes that the combination of trillions of player data points, world‑class creative teams, evergreen intellectual property, and AI as a workflow enabler creates a competitive moat that is difficult to scale for rivals.

Key findings include a 99 % cost reduction in marketing asset creation, an 80 % time saving on influencer spotlights, and a 75 % reduction in analyst turnaround times when querying data through AI agents. The document reports that five new games launched in 2026 adopted an “AI‑first” approach, allowing rapid iteration and simultaneous development of specialized content. It also highlights that AI agents can analyze A/B tests, suggest optimizations, and generate localized UGC‑style assets to lower CPI and improve player engagement.

The scope covers the global mobile gaming market, focusing on mid‑core titles with large player bases. Methodology is implied through internal tooling: 50+ AI platforms (e.g., Claude, Cursor, ComfyUI) and BigQuery‑based agents that process terabytes of data daily. The analysis suggests that AI integration not only accelerates production but also democratizes data insights, freeing analysts to tackle higher‑level strategic questions.

The global digital economy experienced a significant structural transition during the first quarter of 2026, characterized by a pivot away from traditional mobile gaming toward generative artificial intelligence and short-form entertainment. While global in-app purchase revenue climbed 9.3% to $43.5 billion, this growth was primarily fueled by non-gaming sectors. Mobile gaming faced a notable contraction, with downloads falling 12% year-over-year, even as puzzle titles maintained their status as a primary revenue anchor. Conversely, the generative AI sector surged by 174%, signaling a shift in consumer engagement as users increasingly migrate from web-based interfaces to dedicated mobile applications.

Geographically, the market landscape is bifurcating between mature and emerging economies. The United States market exhibited signs of cooling, recording its lowest revenue growth rate at 3.5%, while India and Indonesia emerged as primary drivers of download volume. Despite the slowdown in U.S. consumer spending, the digital advertising sector remained resilient, growing 15% to $48 billion. This expansion was heavily supported by a 31% increase in software-related ad spend, as advertisers aggressively reallocated budgets from linear television toward targeted digital channels and retail media networks.

Retail media continues to evolve beyond the dominance of Amazon, with platforms like Walmart and Target capturing significant share by leveraging offsite social channels. This trend is particularly pronounced in essential categories such as personal care and food and beverages. As the industry matures, the competitive landscape for generative AI has also become more distributed, with market share spreading across multiple platforms like Gemini and Claude. These findings reflect a broader trend of digital consolidation, where mobile-first engagement and AI-driven utility define the current trajectory of the global digital marketplace.

The white paper argues that the 2025 mobile app market has shifted from volume‑driven traffic growth to value‑centric, technology‑enabled optimization. It identifies a “scissor gap” where the number of active advertisers fell 16.7 % YoY while creatives per advertiser rose 73.3 %, indicating higher competitive thresholds and a focus on creative quality. Market share remains strongest in business & productivity, utilities, entertainment, and finance, but creative volume is dominated by short‑drama, reading, and AI apps. iOS and Android advertising ratios stabilized at 4:6, with iOS advertisers producing more creatives due to higher monetization expectations.

User acquisition spend reached $78 billion, a 13 % YoY increase driven almost entirely by iOS, with e‑commerce, fintech, and betting leading non‑gaming verticals. Video remains the dominant ad format (≈70 % of social inventory), while static and playable ads serve testing, Android traffic, and engagement signals. AI has moved from a marketing tool to a core capability; leading AI apps scale through volume and quality, while many smaller entrants exit due to weak monetization.

Finance apps maintain steady growth focused on user quality, lifetime value, and compliance, contrasting with AI’s rapid scaling. North America remains the most selective market, demanding high content quality and long‑term trust; success here signals scalability elsewhere. The paper concludes that sustainable growth now hinges on creative capability, system efficiency, AI integration, and long‑term value creation rather than sheer traffic volume.

The 2026 State of Mobile report demonstrates that the global mobile ecosystem remains mature yet increasingly monetized, with 2025 in‑app purchase (IAP) revenue reaching $85.6 billion—a 21 % year‑over‑year rise that now places non‑game apps ahead of games for the first time. Generative AI and short‑form drama have become the fastest‑growing subgenres, driving double‑digit IAP growth; AI assistants such as ChatGPT alone generated $3.4 billion in 2025, while short‑drama apps captured more than ten percent of global video‑entertainment time. These categories also show a shift from acquisition to retention, with session volumes outpacing downloads and time spent tripling in AI apps.

Hybrid‑casual and hyper‑casual games continue to lead revenue growth, especially in Tier 2 markets where downloads are falling but engagement is surging. Publishers targeting these segments can capture higher revenue per user, though they face tighter ad‑spend competition and a move toward high‑attention formats. In the gaming web arena, Roblox dominates with 74 % of game‑publisher site visits in 2025, underscoring the importance of product‑centric web design.

Beyond entertainment, general‑shopping apps such as Temu and Amazon maintain massive download volumes, with grocery and buy‑and‑sell subgenres growing 5 % and 4 % YoY, respectively. Food & drink apps hit a record 2.4 billion downloads in 2025, driven largely by emerging markets like India and the Middle East. Mobility and sports apps also show notable shifts: Waymo’s standalone app captured 15 % of rideshare MAUs in key U.S. metros, while DFS‑style sports betting apps now command 80 % of the betting‑app MAU share, reflecting regulatory impacts and new market entrants.

Overall, the report covers a global geographic scope with particular emphasis on the U.S., India, Western Europe, and emerging Tier 2 markets. It spans 2025 data with forward‑looking insights for 2026, highlighting AI’s transformative role across monetization, user engagement, and competitive dynamics in the mobile industry.

The industry snapshot reveals a workforce that remains predominantly male and White, yet shows growing diversity in gender identity, sexual orientation, and geographic mobility. Two‑thirds of respondents are male, 24 % female, and 8 % non‑binary, with 28 % identifying as LGBTQ+. The U.S. dominates the sample (54 %), and California remains the top state of residence, while Washington has experienced the largest influx. Most workers are under 35 (64 %) and concentrated in design, programming, and visual arts roles.

Layoffs continue to be a significant concern, especially within AAA studios where two‑thirds of respondents report company layoffs and nearly one in five have been personally let go. Indie studios experience fewer corporate cuts, yet a higher proportion of individuals report personal layoffs. Roughly half of all respondents anticipate no layoffs in the next year, but those with prior layoff experience express greater uncertainty.

Generative AI elicits polarized views: 42 % see it as a productivity catalyst, while 38 % view it as ethically problematic and potentially job‑threatening. The debate centers on balancing efficiency gains against concerns over originality, labor displacement, and environmental impact.

VR/AR/MR remains a niche segment, with only 8 % of respondents engaged in such projects. Meta Quest/Horizon dominates the market, and accessibility features are widely adopted, though advanced options lag behind. Monetization trends show premium titles favor digital downloads and physical copies, whereas free‑to‑play games rely heavily on in‑app purchases for currency and cosmetics.

Crunch culture persists, with 87 % of workers clocking overtime in the past year and over half citing essential work or self‑pressure as drivers. Union support is strong in the U.S., with 82 % backing unionization and a majority expressing interest, though leadership opinions are slightly more divided.

The analysis establishes that consumer applications are entering a “Game‑Design 2.0” era, driven by AI‑native personalization, real‑time feedback and progression systems that elevate engagement and monetization across education, fintech, e‑commerce, health, social media and emerging verticals. 2025 data reveal that spending on non‑gaming apps has already eclipsed gaming, with AI emerging as the primary revenue catalyst and consumer demand for instant, tailored experiences rising sharply. Founders are advised to secure durable competitive advantages by harvesting proprietary data from launch, embedding culturally resonant narratives, and deploying AI to deliver seamless, game‑like value rather than merely branding an app as “AI‑powered.”

In high‑friction sectors, AI‑augmented game mechanics transform user behavior. Fintech platforms such as StockGro employ practice portfolios, leaderboards and AI‑personalized tutorials to convert financial discipline into instant gratification. E‑commerce brands like Temu and Bins use algorithmic discovery feeds, mystery boxes and streak rewards to boost retention beyond price. Health apps leverage voice‑first AI coaches with progression loops, while social networks such as TikTok demonstrate that behavioral AI coupled with variable rewards can drive record‑setting daily engagement. These examples underscore how immersive, AI‑enhanced game design unlocks higher user engagement and monetization in traditionally low‑engagement sectors.

BITKRAFT Ventures positions itself as a top‑decile investor in consumer apps, employing equity, crypto and non‑dilutive user acquisition financing to accelerate growth. The firm projects that by 2025 non‑gaming mobile apps will surpass gaming revenue, reaching $150 B by 2030, and that AI‑driven gamification will create rapid, defensible moats. By 2035, BITKRAFT forecasts that at least five consumer non‑gaming companies could exceed $10 B in valuation, highlighting the strategic importance of AI and game design for future digital experiences.