A Hypothesis of Brain-to-Brain Coupling in Interactive New Media Art and Games Using Brain-Computer Interfaces

This analysis explores the hypothesis of brain-to-brain coupling within the domains of interactive new media art and computer games. The central thesis posits that the synchronization of neural activity between multiple participants—such as performers and spectators—can serve as a novel, embodied mechanism for creative expression and interactive engagement. By shifting from a single-brain to a multi-brain frame of reference, developers and artists can utilize electroencephalography (EEG)-based brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) to facilitate shared experiences that transcend traditional human-computer interaction.

The research highlights that while brain-to-brain coupling is a burgeoning field in neuroscience, its application in interactive media remains in its infancy. Existing examples, such as immersive art installations and multi-user games like BrainArena, demonstrate that collaborative BCI environments can enhance user engagement and performance. The methodology discussed involves the development of a passive multi-brain BCI system, which processes raw EEG signals in real-time to map brain activity to audio-visual outputs. This approach is exemplified by the performance piece Enheduanna - A Manifesto of Falling, which utilizes commercial-grade wireless EEG headsets to explore temporal synchronization between a performer and an audience member.

The scope of this work encompasses the intersection of neuroscientific theory, human-computer interaction, and creative performance. By moving beyond active, goal-oriented BCI control toward passive, observational coupling, the research seeks to establish new paradigms for co-creation. The findings suggest that while technical and cognitive challenges remain—such as managing signal artifacts and understanding the impact of varying subject sensitivities—the integration of multi-brain interfaces offers significant potential for future advancements in entertainment, education, and therapeutic health applications.