Monetization

The Q4 2025 investor presentation details a period of record financial performance for the company, characterized by significant revenue growth and successful strategic integration. The primary thesis centers on the company’s transformative year, highlighted by the successful consolidation of Plarium and a shift toward a midcore gaming focus. For the fourth quarter of 2025, the company achieved net sales of SEK 3,123 million, representing an 8% organic growth rate and a 108% increase in constant currency year-over-year. Adjusted EBITDA reached SEK 717 million, maintaining a 23% margin, while unlevered free cash flow totaled SEK 878 million with a 66% conversion rate.

The scope of the report covers the global gaming operations of the company throughout the 2025 fiscal year, with specific emphasis on the fourth quarter. Key operational findings indicate that user acquisition (UA) spending rose to 38% of revenue in Q4, a 98% year-over-year increase in constant currency, largely driven by the integration of Plarium and the scaling of casual and racing franchises. Revenue streams showed a notable shift, with direct-to-consumer contributions rising 600 basis points to 32% of the total. Franchise performance was bolstered by strong results in the racing and word game segments, which saw year-over-year growth of 43% and 28%, respectively.

Methodologically, the financial data is presented on a reported basis, with constant currency adjustments applied to isolate organic growth trends. The report incorporates full-year 2025 figures and highlights the impact of the Plarium acquisition, which was integrated into the group starting in February 2025. Looking ahead, the company concludes the period with a stable leverage ratio and a new organizational structure, positioning itself for continued midcore expansion and the potential public offering of its PlaySimple division.

Q4 2025 Modern Times Group MTG AB 1 All time high revenues and adjusted EBITDA underscore strong finish to the year with 8% organic growth for Q4 and 9% for 2025 We delivered a great end to a transformative 2025, reporting 8% organic year over year growth in Q4 and 9 % for the full year ,at the top end of our updated full year guidance .

The analysis evaluates how take‑rate structures shape mobile game monetisation in China and whether higher‑quality development can outweigh the pressure of traditional distribution fees. It contrasts Apple’s uniform 30 % commission with the far steeper charges imposed by domestic Android app stores, many of which demand up to 50 % of in‑app purchase revenue, and examines the emerging shift toward direct‑to‑consumer distribution and community‑driven platforms.

Apple’s 30 % rate applies to the roughly 25 % of Chinese gamers who use iOS, who nonetheless generate about 40 % of mobile game revenue. In the Android segment, the absence of Google Play has led to a fragmented ecosystem dominated by manufacturer‑backed stores such as those from Huawei, Oppo and Vivo, and by Tencent’s MyApp. These stores justify 50 % take rates by bundling distribution, marketing and cross‑store integration, a model that yields high internet‑service margins for hardware makers—Xiaomi reports a 64.7 % gross profit on services versus 7.2 % on devices. Large publishers like NetEase and Tencent have occasionally negotiated lower fees, but most developers accept the 50 % level to reach a broad audience.

A growing number of developers are bypassing high‑fee stores, opting for direct distribution or leveraging community platforms that charge little or no commission. Duoyi’s “Shenwu” achieved a 95 % gross profit on Android by selling directly, while its iOS version retained a 70 % margin after Apple’s cut. Similar success is seen with Lilith Games’ “Rise of Kingdoms,” which generated roughly $100 million in its launch month without major Android store presence, and miHoYo’s “Genshin Impact,” which combined a $100 million development budget with fan‑driven channels such as TapTap (0 % take rate) and Bilibili to secure millions of pre‑registrations. These cases illustrate that high‑quality titles paired with intensive marketing and community engagement can sustain profitability even when forgoing traditional store exposure.

The study’s scope covers the Chinese mobile gaming market from 2020 through 2021, focusing on iOS and Android distribution channels, take‑rate policies, and developer responses. Insights draw on Niko

Market Insights: Japan Prepared for Korean Game Developers & Publishers Date: March 2026

Executive Summary

Japan’s mobile gaming ecosystem is undergoing a rapid shift. While heavyweight, long‑session RPGs once dominated the charts, lighter‑weight genres—puzzle, strategy, and simulation—now account for roughly 30 % of all downloads. At the same time, 39 % of Japanese gamers are already active on two or more platforms (iOS, Android, console, PC), opening fertile ground for cross‑platform titles and ecosystem‑wide monetisation strategies.

Korean “sub‑culture” games have captured a disproportionate share of this evolving market. Collectible RPGs such as Blue Archive and Goddess of Victory: NIKKE, together with the MMORPG Lineage W, resonate because they blend moe‑style character designs, high‑polish visuals, short‑session playability, and tightly localized narratives.

Success in Japan now hinges less on raw production values and more on deep cultural localisation, storytelling that aligns with Japanese sensibilities, softer monetisation cues, and design that respects short‑session habits. Empowering local Japanese partners to co‑create content, operations, and marketing is essential.

The most promising near‑term opportunities are:

AAA‑grade mobile RPGs with cross‑platform integration (mobile ↔ console ↔ PC). Casual or hybrid titles that combine low‑barrier gameplay with collection‑progression loops.

Conversely, sports and Web3 genres face high entry barriers due to entrenched local preferences and regulatory uncertainty.

Sustained growth will require long‑term IP stewardship, fan‑centered brand building, and continuous alignment with Japanese user preferences, rather than relying solely on technical excellence.

1. Market Landscape – From Heavyweight RPGs to Light‑Weight Genres

1.1 Shift in Genre Preference

Download Share (Q4 2025): Puzzle/Strategy/Simulation: ≈ 30 % Traditional heavyweight RPGs (e.g., turn‑based, open‑world): ≈ 22 % Collectible/Idle RPGs: ≈ 18 % Other (social, casual, AR): ≈ 30 %

Drivers of the shift 1. Time‑scarcity: Japanese commuters and office workers increasingly favor games that can be enjoyed in 5‑10‑minute bursts. 2. Platform diversification: With smartphones as the primary device, developers are optimizing for quick load times and low‑memory footprints. 3. Monetisation fatigue: Players are gravitating toward titles that reward skill and collection rather than pure spend‑to‑win mechanics.

1.2 Multi‑Platform Play

Cross‑platform adoption: 39 % of gamers regularly switch between at least two devices (e.g., mobile ↔ console, mobile ↔ PC). Implications: Data continuity (cloud saves, shared progression) is now a baseline expectation. Cross‑play events and seasonal

Retailers frequently adopt LLM‑powered chat widgets without addressing the core friction points that shape shopper behavior. The analysis argues that meaningful agentic commerce emerges when AI is tailored to a retailer’s specific product categories, customer profiles, and pain points. By deploying onsite ambient intelligence that proactively surfaces assistance when shoppers display confusion, retailers can intervene before friction escalates. Off‑site agent commerce remains nascent; catalog data quality and the availability of structured attributes are critical bottlenecks that must be resolved to enable reliable recommendations and transactions.

Data quality is identified as a pivotal differentiator. In an agentic environment, insufficient data can prevent a retailer from entering a shopper’s consideration set entirely, whereas in traditional e‑commerce it merely dampens conversion rates. The framework stresses the need to provide agent platforms with enough data for accurate recommendations while protecting proprietary signals from competitors. A calibrated approach—balancing “share freely,” “share selectively,” and “protect” signals—is essential to maintain trust, enhance recommendation confidence, and drive higher conversion rates.

A quantitative readiness diagnostic offers a pragmatic path forward. Four pillars—catalog, technical infrastructure, organizational capacity, and strategic urgency—are scored on a 32‑point scale. Scores of 26–32 signal mature foundations and immediate learning loops; 18–25 require focused catalog work over 8–12 weeks; 10–17 suggest a narrow pilot with partner support; and 0–9 indicate foundational improvements are needed before any agent rollout. Building these capabilities in‑house can take 12–18 months, whereas partnering with a platform such as Moloco Commerce Media accelerates deployment through catalog normalization, real‑time decisioning, and holdout‑based incrementality frameworks.

Nexon reported record-breaking financial results for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025, driven by a strategic IP growth initiative that balanced the expansion of legacy franchises with successful new global launches. Full-year revenue reached ¥475.1 billion, a 6% increase year-over-year, while operating income remained stable at ¥124.0 billion. The fourth quarter saw a significant revenue surge of 55% to ¥123.6 billion, although net income declined 66% to ¥10.9 billion, primarily due to fluctuations in foreign exchange gains compared to the previous year and higher-than-anticipated costs related to performance bonuses and platform fees.

The growth was spearheaded by the launch of ARC Raiders, which sold over 14 million units within 15 weeks and achieved a peak of 960,000 concurrent users. Simultaneously, the 22-year-old MapleStory franchise delivered its highest annual revenue in history, growing 43% year-over-year. This performance offset a 21% decline in the Dungeon&Fighter franchise, despite a strong recovery in its PC segment in China and Korea. The period was also marked by a significant player trust initiative regarding MapleStory: Idle RPG; a coding error led Nexon to offer full refunds, resulting in a ¥9 billion reduction in Q4 revenue.

Geographically, the results reflect Nexon’s successful diversification beyond its traditional Asian strongholds into Western markets via console and PC platforms. Looking ahead to the first quarter of 2026, the company expects revenue growth between 32% and 44%, supported by sustained momentum from new titles and major updates to core IPs. Nexon remains committed to aggressive shareholder returns, doubling its dividend and completing a ¥100 billion share buyback program during the fiscal year.

The mobile ecosystem is undergoing a fundamental structural transformation as the industry shifts from a volume-based growth model to one defined by monetization efficiency and technological integration. By 2026, the market has reached a state of saturation where total app releases have surged by 25% year-over-year, yet only 10% of new titles successfully secure meaningful user attention. A pivotal milestone occurred in late 2025 when non-gaming applications surpassed gaming in total revenue for the first time, largely propelled by the explosive 273% revenue growth in generative AI and the strategic expansion of utility-based tools.

Within the gaming sector, traditional genres such as Casino and RPG have faced stagnation, forcing publishers to adopt hybridization strategies that blend deeper monetization mechanics into previously hypercasual titles. This pivot has yielded significant results, with hypercasual revenue increasing by approximately 80% as developers move toward puzzle and simulation subgenres. Meanwhile, midcore gaming revenue has plateaued at $33–34 billion, prompting a reliance on intensified LiveOps and direct-to-consumer strategies. Across the broader app landscape, the integration of generative AI into creative assets has become standard, with over half of top-grossing games utilizing these tools to scale production, despite ongoing concerns regarding creative monotony.

Geographically, growth patterns are diverging as emerging markets like Indonesia continue to drive massive download volumes, while mature Western markets focus on maximizing revenue per user. The utility and social segments are similarly prioritizing premium subscription models to combat plateauing download numbers. While tools such as antivirus and cloud storage are seeing a resurgence in demand, the industry faces a broader challenge in maintaining long-term retention. Ultimately, the market is transitioning away from hypergrowth toward a sustainable, mature phase characterized by subscription-driven monetization and the strategic application of AI to optimize both user experience and operational efficiency.

The report argues that Vietnam’s mobile gaming sector will reach a billion‑dollar valuation by 2025, driven by an expanding user base and high spending per download. In 2023, 1.1 billion mobile users and 900 million mid‑core players generated gross revenue of approximately US$1.3 billion, with a compound annual growth rate of 9.8 % across all platforms. The analysis attributes this surge to rapid mobile penetration, widespread 5G coverage (average speed 75.7 Mbps), and a growing banking‑linked payment ecosystem that facilitates in‑app purchases.

A key finding is the regulatory shift that began in 2025, when Apple introduced a mandatory license field and the Vietnamese government revoked 1,081 unlicensed titles. This crackdown reduced total downloads by 13.7 % but created a more favorable environment for compliant mid‑core games, which now dominate the market. The report’s methodology involved surveying 250 representative titles with significant download volumes, measuring D1 and D7 retention, playtime, and revenue. Data were cross‑validated with internal tools and third‑party analytics to correct discrepancies common in the local market.

Geographically, the study focuses on Vietnam but benchmarks against other Southeast Asian markets. It notes that while daily playtime is rising across the region, Vietnam’s revenue per download exceeds that of the Philippines by at least 28 %. The report concludes that early licensing and a focus on social, competitive, and narrative‑rich mid‑core experiences—particularly 4X strategy, MOBA, squad RPG, MMORPG, and battle royale genres—will be critical for publishers seeking sustainable growth in the Vietnamese market.

The Southeast Asia Gaming Consumer Economy report, produced jointly by Telekom Malaysia and twimbit in Q2 2022, examines the region’s rapidly expanding gaming market. Six key economies—Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam—account for 85 % of SEA’s gamer population, which is projected to reach 367.8 million by 2025, representing more than half of the region’s total population. Mobile gaming dominates, with 70 % of in‑game revenue and a 13.7 % CAGR in consumer spend from 2018 to 2021, totaling US$5.57 billion. Urbanisation and a youthful demographic drive high willingness to spend, with 64 % of gamers willing to pay; average annual spend varies from US$9 in Indonesia to US$189 in Singapore.

Genre preferences skew toward action, strategy and casual titles; 86 % of players engage in the top five genres. Gender parity is notable, especially on mobile where female gamers constitute 47 % of the market and are highly spend‑active. eSports viewership is nascent but growing, with SEA tournaments ranking among the world’s most‑watched events; mobile eSports is expected to lead future growth as 5G and cloud gaming mature. Monetisation remains dominated by free‑to‑play with in‑app purchases (86 % of revenue), supplemented by hybrid and subscription models.

Methodologically, the study synthesises industry interviews, published data, annual reports, and platform analytics. The report recommends that developers adopt edge computing for low‑latency play, deliver cross‑device flexibility, and build scalable cloud architectures to meet the region’s dynamic demand.

Vietnam’s mobile gaming landscape is rapidly evolving from a download‑centric, ad‑driven model to a hybrid ecosystem that prioritizes in‑app purchases (IAP) and subscription revenue. In 2024, the country led global Google Play downloads with 6.1 billion installs yet generated only about $430 million, underscoring the profitability ceiling of pure advertising. Rising acquisition costs, privacy‑driven signal loss, and a plateauing average revenue per user (ARPU) have forced studios to adopt IAP‑first, hybrid casual titles that deliver deeper engagement and predictable cash flows. Global IAP and subscription revenue reached $150 billion in 2025, up 13%, while Vietnam’s IAP growth surged 65 %, positioning hybrids as the default blueprint for sustainable growth by 2026.

The transition hinges on data‑centric monetization strategies. AI‑driven programmatic advertising and hybrid supply‑side platforms help studios navigate privacy constraints, while sophisticated IAP systems require clean player‑behavior analytics and structured measurement frameworks. Localized pricing—using purchasing power parity tiers, local currency endings, and one‑tap tokenised payments—can lift conversion by over 20 % and reduce checkout abandonment by up to 30 %. Integrating multi‑currency settlement through a single provider such as Airwallex adds 2–5 % to net margin without altering game design.

A phased rollout model enables Vietnamese studios to pilot in core markets, expand regionally through configuration rather than new vendor projects, and scale into high‑value markets like the US for top‑line growth and FX savings. Premium ad formats on TikTok, when matched to specific spending barriers, can boost transaction values by 20–30 % and shift campaigns from cost‑per‑install to return‑on‑ad‑spend metrics. Case studies, such as Falcon Game Studio’s pivot to a hybrid model with 60–70 % day‑one retention and a 3–5 % global payer rate, illustrate the tangible benefits of this approach.

Overall, Vietnam’s mobile gaming sector is poised to compete globally by leveraging robust payment partners, privacy‑first acquisition tactics, and a disciplined IAP strategy that unlocks higher lifetime value and sustainable studio growth through 2026.

Mobile gaming drives the global industry’s growth through 2025, accounting for more than half of worldwide revenue and over eighty percent of players. Global gaming income is projected to reach $197 billion in 2025, a 7.5 % year‑over‑year rise largely powered by mobile and PC segments, while console expansion remains modest. The sector’s resilience is most pronounced in emerging markets where Android and iOS user volumes surge, yet revenue concentration persists in Western regions—particularly the United States and the United Kingdom—where iOS dominates acquisition spend.

Competitive dynamics sharpen as the top ten to fifty titles on Google Play and Apple’s App Store capture an increasing share of revenue, creating a winner‑take‑all environment. Hyper‑casual and match‑3 games concentrate U.S. spend, whereas Android strategy titles spread more evenly across Japan, Korea, and Taiwan. Sub‑genres such as chess, ludo, hidden object RPGs, and slots thrive in China, India, Brazil, and Southeast Asia, collectively commanding 15–20 % of global spend. Across most categories, day‑one retention has slipped from roughly 80 % to about 60 %, underscoring a broader challenge of sustaining early engagement.

Download patterns reveal Android’s volume advantage—about 70 % of global downloads—with the United States, India, Brazil, and Indonesia leading. iOS, though smaller in volume (30 %), delivers higher per‑download revenue, especially in China and the U.S. iOS penetration is rising in emerging markets such as Brazil and Vietnam, while Android’s share in India climbs from 18.8 % to 21.3 %. Genre‑level analysis shows modest growth (10–30 %) across most mobile categories, with occasional outliers and declines in specific niches. Overall, the landscape is characterized by rapid mobile expansion, concentrated monetization power, and shifting geographic priorities that shape strategic opportunities for developers and marketers.

Chance-based mechanics drive player engagement by prioritizing the psychological thrill of anticipation over the actual value of rewards. This engagement is rooted in the release of dopamine during the period of uncertainty, where the wait for a result creates more neurological stimulation than the prize itself. By utilizing unpredictable reward schedules and the "near-miss" effect, developers foster a persistent belief that a significant win is imminent. This strategy is exemplified by the commercial success of Monopoly GO!, which generates between $100 million and $125 million in monthly revenue through a "saw-tooth" gameplay loop that oscillates between resource depletion and sudden, event-driven recovery.

The effectiveness of these systems relies on a "pressure and release" cycle designed to maintain emotional tension without causing player burnout. High-volatility mechanics, such as digital wheels and randomized heists, are tuned to prioritize emotional impact over mathematical fairness. For instance, probabilities are often manipulated to limit low-tier prizes—sometimes to as little as 13%—while visually emphasizing jackpots to maximize excitement. Even traditionally negative outcomes are reframed as positive opportunities; in certain high-performing titles, escape rates from penalty mechanics like "Jail" are set as high as 80% to ensure the player remains within the rewarding flow of the game.

Ultimately, long-term retention is achieved through the careful management of sensory-rich animations and gacha-style collection systems that create frequent "emotional spikes." By blending live events with boosters that temporarily alter the odds, developers create a dynamic environment where the player feels a constant sense of progression. This sophisticated orchestration of risk, hope, and visual feedback ensures that the psychological journey toward a potential reward remains compelling enough to sustain high levels of monetization and daily active usage across the mobile gaming landscape.