Using RPG-Based Learning Environment to Increase Engagement and Motivation for Learning Higher Mathematics

This paper examines whether a fantasy role-playing game can teach higher-level mathematics, specifically differentiation at the KS5 level, while preserving entertainment value. The author developed "The Red Circle," an RPG built in Unity using a design-based research process, in which learning content is introduced through a quest-driven storyline and gradually moves from shape-based puzzles to abstract functions based on concreteness fading theory. The study's primary focus is qualitative, drawing on questionnaires, observations, and interviews with 148 participants aged 18 to 60, most of whom were University of Sussex students with varied levels of prior mathematics knowledge and gaming experience.

Participants widely reported that the game was enjoyable and useful for learning. Feedback praised the immersive visuals, storyline, humour, and music, as well as the way mathematical tasks were woven into quests without interrupting the flow of play. Low-prior-knowledge learners were especially motivated, and some said they were willing to try games for the first time. Quantitative results cited in the paper show that mean scores rose from 49.17% before play to 87.63% afterward, with the largest gains among participants with little prior mathematics background, while high-knowledge participants did not experience any disruption.

The qualitative findings also surfaced several limitations. Some experienced players found the shape-based introduction confusing, a few encountered minor bugs and navigation difficulties, and many wanted more content, save functionality, and more challenging combat. Gameplay averaged 40 to 60 minutes, and collaborative play among participants appeared to heighten immersion. The author acknowledges constraints of a small development team and a PhD-stage timeline, and outlines plans for controlled comparisons with traditional instruction, expanded mathematical content, and eventually a multiplayer educational MMORPG.