This research investigates the efficacy of gamification in promoting physical activity among adults aged 50 and older, a demographic increasingly susceptible to the health risks of sedentary lifestyles. The primary thesis posits that "adaptive engagement"—the customization of motivational affordances to align with the specific physical, cognitive, and psychological needs of older users—is essential for fostering long-term behavioral change. By integrating Self-Determination Theory with established game design principles, the study seeks to bridge the gap between generic fitness technology and the unique requirements of an aging population.
The research introduces two foundational design tools: the Exercise Motivation Technology Framework (EMTF) and the Kaleidoscope of Effective Gamification (KEG). These models provide a structured approach for developers to balance intrinsic motivations, such as the desire for functional independence and social connection, with extrinsic gamification elements like progress tracking, goal setting, and reward systems. Through a multi-phase, mixed-methods study involving the development and testing of the "Spirit50" web application, the research demonstrates that personalized, goal-oriented digital interventions significantly enhance perceived competence and autonomy compared to non-gamified or control approaches.
The findings highlight that while older adults respond positively to gamified features, they prioritize simplicity, accessibility, and flexibility over the competitive, high-pressure mechanics often favored by younger cohorts. Key barriers to engagement include technology-related anxiety, physical limitations, and a fear of injury, all of which necessitate intuitive, supportive, and non-intrusive design. Expert evaluations and participant data confirm that successful fitness technology for this demographic must prioritize clear feedback, achievable mastery, and social validation. Ultimately, the study provides a comprehensive, evidence-based framework for creating age-centric fitness solutions that promote healthy aging and sustainable exercise habits.
