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Create free accountArticleInternational Journal of Role-Playing
This document argues that aggregate live-action role-playing (larp) rules function as a form of code that "runs on humans," meaning that rules are both declarative and imperative, shaping how players collectively enact a shared fictional reality. Drawing on Critical Code Studies methods, the author reads larp encounters as programs, players and staff as programmers, rulebooks as programming languages, and rule structures as platforms. The central claim is that the Alliance LARP rule set, a fantasy larp descended from tabletop RPGs, operates through a relational, database-style structure in which attributes are organized under entities, and that this structure encourages players to experience the rules with a psychological reality over time.
The analysis is grounded in an annotated reading of a troll battle from roughly 2009, which breaks a single spoken phrase paired with a foam-weapon strike into at least five interlocking rule subsystems. The author shows how these subsystems require shared knowledge of timing, documentation, target validity, and body-point tracking, and how the diegetic effect of each command remains pending until the codic system resolves it. The paper also addresses the social apparatuses that maintain rule integrity, including Ideological and Repressive Game Apparatuses, and the standardization process that parallels the evolution of the C programming language.
The author extends the argument to the reification of rules, proposing that repeated social reinforcement can make game conventions feel like natural facts, and suggests that this dynamic offers a lens for examining real-world social constructs such as gender, race, and capital. The work is primarily a theoretical and interpretive study based on one annotated example and the author's experience as a player and staff member, rather than on survey or quantitative data.
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