The analysis demonstrates that the video‑gaming sector remains fragmented in its approach to carbon accounting, with only a minority of companies—12 out of 222 surveyed—committed to science‑based targets. This shortfall stems largely from uncertainty around measuring Scope 3 emissions, particularly in categories such as purchased goods and product use. The report underscores a growing industry momentum: the Playing for the Planet Alliance now includes 42 members, and initiatives like the Green Games Guide and Ubisoft’s Climate School illustrate a shift toward embedding climate action within both operations and game content. Concrete progress is evident, for example, the Games Consoles Voluntary Agreement’s 54 TWh energy savings and the documented dominance of Scope 3 categories 1 (purchased goods) and 11 (use of sold products) in studios’ footprints.
Carbon intensity across the supply chain varies markedly by hardware, display technology, and regional electricity mix. Current‑generation consoles draw 150–200 W during gameplay, while PCs can reach 100–300 W; mobile devices consume only a few watts. A high‑end 4K TV can match console power when running HDR, and the carbon intensity of 200 Wh ranges from ≈13 gCO₂e in France to ≈81 gCO₂e in the United States. These disparities highlight opportunities for reducing emissions through hardware efficiency, extended device lifetimes, and the adoption of renewable electricity or green tariffs.
The report calls for consistent, industry‑aligned reporting frameworks—particularly the GHG Protocol Scope 3 categories—and greater granularity by business unit or product. It recommends iterative, data‑quality‑driven methods for estimating Category 1 and 2 emissions, prioritising primary supplier data for high‑spend items while applying spend‑based factors elsewhere. For Category 7 (employee commuting) and Category 11 (use‑phase emissions), detailed calculation examples illustrate the need to account for lifetime usage, regional grid intensity, and potential double‑counting. Real‑time accounting of use‑phase emissions is identified as a critical research gap, with cloud and CDN providers’ inconsistent reporting underscoring the need for standardized data.
Overall, the sector is moving toward greater transparency and actionable climate messaging, yet significant gaps remain in measurement, reporting consistency, and the integration of emerging technologies such as cloud gaming and AI. Addressing these challenges will be essential for credible net‑zero pathways across the global video‑gaming industry.
