Nordicity

The study demonstrates that the United Kingdom’s esports industry has experienced robust growth, expanding at an average annual rate of 8.5 % between 2016 and 2019. In 2019 alone, the sector generated approximately £60 million in revenue—about eight per cent of global esports earnings—and contributed £111.5 million to the national Gross Value Added, supporting more than 1,200 full‑time equivalent jobs. These figures underscore the sector’s role as a significant driver of the UK digital creative economy.

Key drivers identified include the proliferation of professional teams, high‑profile tournaments hosted by organisations such as ESL, Gfinity and Epic.LAN, and the rise of streaming platforms that have broadened audience reach. Dedicated venues like Belong Gaming Arenas further stimulate grassroots participation and local economic activity. Modelling of direct, indirect and induced effects reveals a total impact of roughly 216 FTEs and £19.5 million in GVA, while spill‑over benefits from event tourism—estimated at £234 k per 1,000 visitors and nearly five FTEs—highlight additional value for host communities.

The analysis projects that hosting a major global esports event could add 238 full‑time equivalents and £12 million in GVA to the UK economy, signalling substantial upside potential. The findings point to opportunities for further investment, clearer regulatory frameworks and strategic positioning to attract international events, thereby consolidating esports as a pivotal growth sector within the United Kingdom’s broader digital economy.

The analysis argues that a targeted increase in the Video Games Expenditure Credit (VGEC) would markedly strengthen the United Kingdom’s competitive position within the global video‑games sector. By raising the nominal rate to 53 % for projects up to £10 million and to 39 % for larger productions, the model predicts an additional £530 million in gross value added (GVA) and roughly 6,000 new full‑time jobs over five years. The return on investment is projected at £2.12 of GVA and tax revenue for every £1 spent, positioning the UK as one of the most attractive jurisdictions for game development.

Key findings highlight a worldwide contraction in employment, with 30 000 layoffs expected between 2023 and 2024, prompting a shift toward freelance and subcontracted talent. Venture‑capital funding has fallen sharply from $9 billion in 2020 to just over $3 billion by early 2024, while indie sales on platforms such as Steam now account for nearly 70 % of full‑game revenue. These trends underscore the need for flexible, cost‑efficient production models and a supportive fiscal environment.

Comparative analysis shows that the current UK VGEC effective rate of 14 % is lower than those in France (20.2 %) and Canada’s Quebec (18.2 %). The proposed tiered scheme would raise the UK rate to 20.6 %, matching or surpassing many international competitors and potentially adding an extra 5,000 full‑time equivalents over five years. Across all scenarios, the cost‑benefit profile remains favorable, with GVA returns of £1.3–£1.4 per £1 invested and tax returns of £0.4–£0.5 per £1.

In sum, the enhanced VGEC package delivers a superior economic return by stimulating export‑driven intellectual property creation and supporting both small studios and multinational operations. The model demonstrates that a carefully calibrated incentive structure can offset macro‑economic pressures, sustain employment growth, and secure the UK’s position as a global leader in video‑game development.